The base layer is the foundation of a good multi-layer system. It manages the moisture released by the body, depending on the intensity of activity. The base layer must fit snugly, i.e. be worn close to the body. If it's too big, air will pass through and the underwear won't be at all effective.
There are different fibers with which base layers are made. First, synthetic fibers like polyester have the advantage of being very light and breathable. They also dry very quickly. Secondly, natural fibers, such as merino wool, are soft to the touch, comfortable to wear and naturally anti-odorous. Merino wool also provides warmth, even when damp. Finally, there are hybrid base layers that combine both types of fiber.
The choice of base layer depends on the type of activity to be performed, the outside temperature, but also on your preferences and comfort. Synthetic-fiber undergarments are recommended for moderate-to-high-intensity activities, such as running, touring, cross-country skiing, hiking and so on. They prevent moisture build-up and keep you dry so you don't freeze. Natural fibers can be worn for lower-intensity sports, such as walking or downhill skiing. However, on a very cold day, a merino wool base layer may be appropriate even for high-intensity sports.
The mid-layer is worn over the base layer. It can take various forms: a sleeveless jacket, insulated jacket or pants, fleece sweater, etc. The role of the mid-layer is to retain heat by means of insulating fibers. As with base layers, there are both synthetic and natural insulating materials.
Synthetic insulations, such as polyester garments like fleece or Primaloft insulated jackets, are lightweight and breathable. However, they are less compressible if they need to be stowed in a backpack while hiking or touring. More and more technologies are being developed for synthetic insulation, such as synthetic down, Primaloft and Thermoball from The North Face, to name but a few. Natural insulants, mainly down, offer an excellent warmth-to-weight ratio. What's more, they're highly compressible, making them ideal for activities where every gram counts. On the other hand, down has very low breathability, so it's more advisable to wear a down mid-layer for less intense activities.
Intermediate layers can be layered according to temperature, type of activity and comfort. For example, a brushed fleece sweater can be worn underneath an insulated jacket. These essentials can also be used as fall coats or cozy sweaters for camping evenings.
The outer layer acts as a shield against the elements. It's made from layers that are pressed together to form a waterproof, breathable and windproof membrane, whether in the form of a jacket or shell pants. This layer is worn over the mid-layer, but can also be worn over a simple base layer if the weather is mild, but it's raining, for example.
Worn mainly for winter activities, such as touring or high-mountain hiking, the insulating outer layer is intended as a warmth booster during breaks, for example during touring transitions. The idea is to have no layers to remove in order to put on insulation. The latter usually takes the form of a rather bulky, warm coat, but very compressible so as to be easily stowed away in a backpack. This layer is worn over the outer layer for maximum comfort and instant warmth.
In short, the multi-layer system means versatility. Each piece can be used for different sports, even for everyday use. It's an excellent option for four-season outdoor enthusiasts. What's important to remember? The winning combinations of different layers are very personal, and the more you try out, the more you'll know your preferences.
The multi-layer system is versatile and suitable for a wide variety of outdoor activities: hiking, cross-country skiing, mountaineering, snowshoeing, climbing, cycling, camping or even trail running. It's particularly useful for sports that alternate between exertion and rest, as it makes it easy to adapt your outfit according to intensity and weather conditions.
No, the multi-layer principle applies to the lower body as well as the upper. You can layer thermal underwear, insulated pants and a waterproof shell to keep your legs warm and dry.
Your budget will depend on the quality of your garments and how you intend to use them. For a complete set (underlayer, insulating layer and shell), plan on a minimum of $1,500, or even more, depending on the brand you choose. This is a lasting investment that will bring you comfort and performance on all your adventures. We'd like to remind you that the Daring des Chèvres subscription offers a 50% discount at The North Face. It's the ideal way to equip yourself at a reduced price!
More and more high-quality, little-used outdoor clothing is finding its way onto platforms like Marketplace. Take a look, there are some great bargains to be had, as well as reducing the environmental impact of your purchase.
The multi-layer system makes it easy to adapt your garment to different temperatures, levels of exertion and weather conditions. It regulates temperature, wicks away moisture and protects you from wind and weather. So you stay dry, comfortable and ready for the unexpected. What's more, each piece can be worn in a variety of contexts, whether sporty or not. They're also excellent travel wear.
